Cerebral Cortex and Phineas Gage

Cerebral Cortex and Phineas Gage Debbie Mintz PSY 360 July 25, 2011 Phineas Gage Paper Phineas Gage was a man who was a pioneer at his specific employment and was a truly affable individual. His loved ones concur that he would supportive to anybody, he was cheerful, and agreeable individual. At that point he got cerebrum harm to his cerebral cortex, which is one’s intellectual capacities are inside their flaps situated in the mind. People have four sorts of projections situated inside the cerebral cortex that do various capacities. Human Brain The human cerebrum is secured with tissue known as the cerebral cortex, which enormous wrinkles (crevices) and little wrinkles (sulci), and there are edges between the gaps and sulci known as gyri. Under the cerebral cortex tissue are four flaps, every projection has a job in a people subjective capacities. Phineas Gage was a man who got mind harm, and one will have the option to perceive how it influenced his intellectual capacities. Four Lobes for Cognitive Functions Fundamentally the cerebral cortex is isolated into four projections; in light of the fact that during advancement of our cerebrum the weight partitions the territory into four regions and the improvement of these flaps do various capacities inside our mind. The four flaps are known as frontal projection, transient projection, parietal flap and the occipital projection (Pinel, 2009). One’s occipital flap is the thing that gives the person in question visual info and helps direct their conduct, the occipital cortex with â€Å"large regions of a nearby cortex play out this subjective function† (Pinel, 2009, p. 69). In, the parietal projection it has two enormous utilitarian zones, the post focal gyrus work, which it investigates sensations one can feel from their body, for example, contact. In the back segment of the parietal projections has the job of â€Å"perceiving the area of the two items and our own bodies and in coordinating our attention† (Pinel, 2009, p. 69). The cortex of one’s fleeting flaps, which has three utilitarian regions. For one’s language and hearing there is the predominant worldly gyrus, the sub-par fleeting cortex recognizes ones complex visual examples, next is the average ortian of the transient cortex its intellectual capacity is for memory. The remainder of the four projections is the frontal flap, and it has two unmistakable working zones. The primary territory is the pre-focal gyrus alongside the adjoining frontal cortex have an engine work, and the â€Å"frontal cortex foremost to engine cortex performs complex psychological functions† (Pinel, 2009, p. 69, for example, surveying the results of potential examples of conduct, planning to answer with arrangements, and evaluating the signifince of the conduct of others (Pinel, 2009). Synopsis of what every flap does †¢Occipital projection for vision preparing †¢Parietal projection for development, discernment to upgrades, acknowledgment, direction. †¢Temporal projection for observation and acknowledgment of sound-related boosts, discourse, and memory. †¢Frontal is for thinking, grammatical features, development, arranging, critical thinking, and feelings (Brain Structures and their Functions, 2005) Phineas Gage (1823-1860) Phineas Gage is a genuine guide to utilize while disclosing what befalls an individual who gets mind harm and how the harm can influence ones subjective capacities. At the age of 25 a youthful man’s life changed totally, Phineas Gage was a diligent employee just as the a director for the group he worked with, their activity was to shoot immense rocks to prepare the land for the railroad track in 1848. His activity comprise of utilizing an altering iron on the rocks that had weapon force or explosive in them to detonate, mishaps do occur, and Phineas Gage got an altering iron detonated into his face. It was wonderful that he was alive just as having the option to walk three miles to discover clinical assistance. The specialist tidied him up with shock that he survived this harm to his mind. From the specialists report the altering iron made section in the skull and went through the foremost left projection, and made its exit in the average line, along his sinus cracking his frontal and parietal bones broadly, generous pieces of the cerebrum separated and his left eye globe was jutting out the attachment, inside a portion of a breadth (Mo, 2006). After this horrible mishap as indicated by (Mo, 2006), Phineas Gage held full ownership of his explanation, however Gages spouse, family, and companions started to see emotional changes happening to him and his character. Indeed, even the organization he worked for attempted to rehire him, however they couldn't on the grounds that his conduct transformed, he was bombastic, erratic, discourteous, and grossest obscenities. These was not Phineas Gage’s conduct before the altering iron experienced his mind and modify his psychological capacity from his front left projection (Mo, 2006). Which is situated in the frontal projection, and it is for thinking, grammatical features, development, arranging, critical thinking, and feelings (Brain Structures and their Functions, 2005). This was not the Phenias Gage they knew; in reality anybody that realized Gage before states there is an uncommon adjust to his perspective. Because of Phineas harm from his frontal cortex there was a finished loss of social hindrances, and unseemly conduct (Mo, 2006). Right up 'til today â€Å"the job of the frontal cortex is associated with character changes and social cognition† (Mo, 2006, p. ) Phenias Gage carried on with an alternate life as a steady individual, at a spot where he was not known, probably some place in Chile and live 13 additional years. This shows when one’s cerebrum has harm that they can live through it, yet as an alternate individual. Ones subjective capacities can get changed by cerebrum harm inside their flaps in their mind. Phineas Gage he appeared to a bandon a genial individual to a terrible natured individual, does that mean an awful natured individual can get changed to an amiable individual?

Letter To Charles Darwin Essay Evolution Example For Students

Letter To Charles Darwin Essay Evolution Charles Darwin was conceived in Shrewsbury, Shropshire. He was the child of Robert Waring Darwin and his significant other Susannah, and the grandson of the researcher Erasmus Darwin. His mom passed on when he was eight years of age, and he was raised by his sister. He was shown the works of art at Shrewsbury, at that point sent to Edinburgh to contemplate medication, which he detested. In the same way as other current understudies Darwin just exceeded expectations in subjects that charmed him. Despite the fact that his dad was a doctor, Darwin was uninterested in medication and he couldn't stand seeing medical procedure. He did in the long run get a degree in philosophy from Cambridge University, in spite of the fact that religious philosophy was of minor enthusiasm to him too. What Darwin truly preferred to do was tramp over the slopes, watching plants and creatures, gathering new examples, examining their structures, and ordering his discoveries, guided by his cousin William Darwi n Fox, an entomologist. Darwins logical tendencies were empowered by his herbal science educator, John Stevens Henslow, who was instrumental, notwithstanding overwhelming fatherly resistance, in making sure about a spot for Darwin as a naturalist on the studying campaign of HMS Beagle to Patagonia.Under Captain Robert Fitzroy, Darwin visited Tenerife, the Cape Verde Island, Brazil, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Chile, the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, New Zealand, and Tasmania. In the Cape Verde Island Darwin formulated his hypothesis of coral reefs. Another huge stop on the outing was in the Galapagos Islands, it was here that Darwin discovered enormous populaces of tortoises and he found that various islands were home to fundamentally various sorts of tortoises. Darwin at that point found that on islands without tortoises, thorny pear desert plant plants developed with their cushions and organic products spread out over the ground. On islands that had several tortoises, the thorny pears developed considerably thick, tall trunks, bearing the cushions and natural products high over the compass of the extreme mouthed tortoises. During this five-year campaign he got private information on the fauna, vegetation, and geography of numerous terrains, which prepared him for his later examinations. In 1836, Darwin came back to England after the 5 years with the undertaking, and by 1846 he had got one of the principal naturalists of his time, and he likewise distributed a few chips away at the land and zoological disclosures of his journey. He built up a companionship with Sir Charles Lyell, became secretary of the Geological Society, a position which Darwin held for a long time. In 1839 Darwin wedded his cousin Emma Wedgwood. However, continually pestering Darwin was the issue of the birthplace of the species. Darwin tried to demonstrate his optimal of advancement with straightforward models. The different types of mutts gave a striking case of what Darwin looked to demonstr ate. Canines dropped from wolves, and even today the two will promptly crossbreed. With uncommon exemptions, in any case, hardly any cutting edge hounds really look like wolves. A few varieties, for example, the Chihuahua and the Great Dane, are so not the same as each other that they would be viewed as independent species in nature. On the off chance that people could cross variety such drastically various canines in just two or three hundred years, Darwin contemplated that nature could deliver a similar range of living life forms given the a huge number of years that she had been allowed.From 1842 Darwin inhabited Down House, a nation man of his word among his nurseries, studios, pigeons, and fowls. The useful information he picked up there, particularly in variety and interbreeding demonstrated priceless. At Down House Darwin tended to himself to the incredible work of his life, the issue of the starting point of species. Following five years of gathering the proof, Darwin starte d to conjecture regarding the matter. In 1842 he drew up his perceptions in some short notes, extended in 1844 into a sketch of ends for his own utilization. These ends were the standard of normal choice, the germ of the Darwinian Theory, however with regular alert he deferred distribution of his speculation. Notwithstanding, in 1858 Alfred Wallace sent Darwin a letter of his book, Malay Archipelago, which, to Darwins shock, contained the fundamental thoughts of his own hypothesis of characteristic choice. Lyell and Joseph Hooker convinced him to present his very own paper, in light of his 1844 sketch, which was perused simultaneou! shrewd with Wallaces before the Linnean Society in 1858. Neither Darwin nor Wallace was available on that noteworthy occasion.Darwin then set to work to gather his tremendous mass of notes, and put into shape his extraordinary work, The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle forever, distribu ted in 1859. This extraordinary work, got all through Europe with the most profound intrigue, was brutally assaulted on the grounds that it didn't concur with the record of creation given in the Book of Genesis. However, in the end it prevailing with regards to acquiring acknowledgment from practically all biologists.Darwin, in opposition to mainstream thinking, never said that individuals developed from chimps. He said that all life started as an early stage soup, with atoms following up on one another. So from the primary single celled living being all life came. One single living being, when followed up on by a few unique atoms could offer ascent to a wide range of types of creatures. It is thusly that he expressed that Ape and man were similareach having a comparative lifes starting. Darwin kicked the bucket after a long disease, leaving eight kids, a few of whom accomplished extraordinary qualification. In spite of the fact that not the sole originator of the advancement theori es, or even the first to apply the idea of drop to plants and creatures, Darwin was the principal differentiation mastermind to pick up for that hypothesis a wide acknowledgment among organic specialists. By adding to the rough evolutionism of Erasmus Darwin, Lamarck, and others, his own particular thought of normal choice, Darwin provided an adequate reason, which raised it from a speculation to an evident hypothesis. A man who sets out to squander an hour of life has not found the estimation of life.Darwin .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 , .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .postImageUrl , .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 , .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:hover , .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:visited , .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:active { border:0!important; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:active , .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:hover { haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u4121 0f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u41210f6184556c408ce4bc55b74fd474:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Human Rights Abuses on the Mexican Border Essay

Boone

Boone Boone. 1 City (1990 pop. 25,186), seat of Boone co., central Iowa, on the Des Moines River; inc. 1865. It is a railroad and industrial center with plants making machinery, steel fabrications, and plastic signs. It was laid out (1865) by the railroad, which built a long, high double-track bridge there. In 1887 it annexed the nearby rival town of Boonesboro (founded 1851). 2 City (1990 pop. 12,915), seat of Watauga co., NW N.C., near the Blue Ridge Parkway. A tobacco market and cattle center located in a winter and summer mountain resort region, Boone also has varied manufacturing industries. The city is the seat of Appalachian State Univ. and the Appalachian Cultural Museum. Cone Memorial Park, the former estate of industrialist Moses Cone; and the Appalachian Heritage Museum are to the south. The area was settled in the 18th cent. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

International Matrix Agency - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8427 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Marketing Strategy Essay Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction International Matrix Agency (IMA) will recommend Cafà © Chocolat to enter the Shanghai market on a short term basis. For the long term perspective, IMA hopes that Cafà © Chocolat can be extended to the Asia pacific region. IMA will recommend the city of Shanghai to the candidate for Cafà © Chocolat to introduce its dynamic set of cakes and teas. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "International Matrix Agency" essay for you Create order Shanghai being the new international hub and booming in its financial economy and technology creates more opportunity for the vast majority of foreign workers in the ever so changing city. Shanghai trends and lifestyles are slowly developing towards the western side of the world, yet still keeping its originality and culture. Shanghai has just announced plans to open a Disney land, Disney Land will attract more tourists to go to Shanghai. 2.0 Methodology 2.1 Methodology for analysing Asia pacific market environment IMA will only use Secondary data to understand and analyse the market environment in Shanghai. Online and political journals will be used to explore the economics and financial environment, social class, and different branding global positioning in Shanghai as well as the culture and legal environment of Shanghai. In the beginning stages, IMA will work with AUSTRADE China, to discuss the possible limitations Cafà © Chocolat might possibly face. 2.2 Methodology for analysing Asia pacific market opportunities Two forms of data would be used by IMA, Secondary data and Primary data. Secondary data involves Media and Internet. Primary data involves Focus groups and Online surveys. The following type of marketing research is used to understand the market opportunities in Shanghai. 2.3 Methodology for developing international marketing strategy  · Method of segmenting end user: IMA will segment the Asian target market by a geographic and demographic factor.  · Method for developing new products and services for the international market: Secondary data would be used to understand the consumer choice of tea, flavour of cakes and European treats. Due to the major culture barriers, Cafà © Chocolat will incorporate the east meets west elements in its cafà © interior design. The Primary data (field research) in Shanghai will be conducted to understand the Chinese beliefs and culture of the geographic region.  · Method of communicating products: IMA will work with the Chinese media to advertise Cafà © Chocolat products through; 1. Word of mouth 2. Public forum 3. Chinese cosmopolitan magazine IMA will arrange logistics out of Australia by â€Å"DHL Australia.† All products will be shipped out from Australia (the possible shipping products may include, flour and baking material).  · International pricing method: IMA recommends customer based pricing for Cafà © Chocolat. With the image of Cafà © Chocolat being wealthy, price must be set to target its end user and relevant segments.  · Export/ Import maintain method: IMA will issue legal contractors to address the issues of safety and wellbeing of the product. IMA will outsource the logistic part of the process to DHL Australia and Shanghai Cansheen Forwarding Co. 3.0 Consumer Belief in Shanghai With intensive research on the host country for â€Å"Cafà © Chocolat†, International Matrix Agency has listed some important element on the consumer mentality in the Shanghai market. The city of Shanghai projects traditional thinking and life style, yet it incorporates the element of the western understanding in life (The Chinese Mentality). Deciding to expand in the Shanghai market means understanding the way of life, and Shanghai citizens mentality towards western dessert In the Chinese culture, the belief of the good and evil is also known as â€Å"Feng Shiu†(Meaning of Feng Shiu, 1999). Feng Shiu plays a vital part in the everyday action in the Chinese community. If the Chinese believe that certain elements are perceived as unlucky, they will avoid those elements and will not associate with them under any circumstances. Feng Shiu can be translated to clothes, furnitures and even food. In the Chinese Lunar New Year, It is recommended to consume â€Å"Red/Gold † food/desert. Red and Gold symbolise fortune and luck (Hery Yansen, 2008). 3.1 Cross culture Scale In the western culture, colours are symbolised in a decorative way. In China, each colour is represented in its own way and has its own story. White and Black represent the colour of death in the Chinese culture; however the colour white portrays purity and peace in the western culture. (ColourSymbolism, Helen South) Chinese consumers usually shop in regards to the colour choices. In China, boutiques usually do not store dark colours inventory, because of the traditional belief that dark colour should only be worn in a case of an accident or in a funeral. As mentioned in section 3.0, Chinese will consume â€Å"Red† food during the Chinese lunar New Year period. During the Chinese New year period, cafes, restaurant and fast food shops redesign their menus in order to satisfy the consumer needs on this special occasion. In McDonald they usually release â€Å"Red Bean Sunday† three weeks prior to the Chinese New Year. Restaurants and cafes will introduce Red cakes (ri ce Cakes), a month before Chinese New Year. Signs and symbols representing a brand should be visually simple to understand. In China, all domestic company logos, use simple primary colours while avoiding the colour black. Chinese consumers are very superstitious on what they buy and consume. The Mobile brand â€Å"Motorola† is a hit internationally. However in the Chinese market, Motorola translated to mandarin means â€Å"Unable to roll†. In the minds of the Chinese businessman this symbolises unable to make profit. Besides the translation, the company logos primary colour is black with a â€Å"Century Gothic† letter â€Å"M†. The letter â€Å"M† created an image of a bat (Appendix 2), which symbolise death in the Chinese culture (ColourSymbolism, Helen South). As stated above, Chinese are very particular with what they buy. They perceive brand logos and signs in a very deep way. IMA will make sure that Cafà © Chocolat incorporates the bene ficial side of the beliefs of â€Å"Feng Shiu† and that the Australian images or culture interpreted in China would not causes any conflict or misunderstanding. 3.3 Country of Origin Effect Research has shown that that the country of origin has an impact on the willingness to buy a product (Josiassen and Harzing, 2008, European Management Review). In the Business Journal of International Business studied, Shimp and Sharma 1987, explained that consumers may tend to have a relation fondness to a product from their own country or may be likely to have a dislike to certain products that originate from certain countries. Chinese are patriotic people and have a sense of strong belief in the righteousness of its country. China holds a strong belief that imported products are of a higher quality than locally made goods. In other words Chinese would buy overseas product over its own country good. The mentality of acting out on patriotism by purchasing goods that are China made has never come across the citizens minds. However, in Australia there is a set mentality that supporting â€Å"Australian made products symbolises patriotism. In Australia advertisement for buying Au stralian made goods is shown to the public. In China there is no advertisement in support to by the countries products. The behaviour of foreign goods in China has no major judgement when facing to choose a product domestically or internationally. 3.0.4 Brand Personality and Culture Meaning In China nowadays the Y Generation is exploring unique cafes to dine in, seeking adventures and unique personality brands to fulfil their needs and desires (Kong, Foong, Ling. [2002]). Cafà © Chocolat brand projects uniqueness from the interior design of its cafe, to its product design of small delicate French style pastries. IMA will segment the Asian target market by a geographic and demographic factor. Geographic factors will include developed towns in which Cafà © Chocolat will be accessible, and demographic factors will include status and income levels. Cafà © Chocolat will be translated as a premium cafe in Shanghai; it will serve top management level as well as young adult segments in Shanghai. The current perception on the personality of Cafà © Chocolat is fun, playful and has a unique sense in French dessert (Adrian Zumbo). In the Shanghai market, the Chinese dessert is known to be unique and extravagant. However there are limits in which the extravagant level ca n be played with in the Chinese culture. It is very important that the product developed by Cafà © Chocolat will not offend the Chinese citizens. IMA will need to make sure that prototypes on the product design is tested in the Asian market before finalizing it to be a core item in the menu 4.0 Situation Analysis In order to enter the Shanghai market without any hick up, it is very important that Cafà © Chocolat knows its internal and external factors. The best way to do this is to conduct a SWOT analysis. IMA has conducted an examination on its internal factors (i.e. identifying its strength and weakness) and its external factors (i.e. identifying its opportunity and threat). In this section of the report IMA uses the â€Å"5 Cs of Marketing†. * 4.0.1 Company analysis * 4.0.2 Customer analysis * 4.0.3 Competitor analysis * 4.0.4 Collaborator analysis * 4.0.5 Climate analysis (PEST framework) For the 5th C, IMA uses the â€Å"PEST framework† to break down Shanghai market macro- structure. 4.0.1 Company analysis 4.0.1.1 Company structure Cafà © Chocolat is a privately owned company. Adriano Zumbo is the founder and the creator of the cafà ©. Currently Cafà © Chocolat has one store in Australia which is located in the heart of Balmain. Cafà © Chocolat is widely known for its use of chocolate in the vast majority of its dishes and uniquely designed treats. Cafà © Chocolat is planning for expansion in the near future (Not Quite Nigella,2009). 4.0.1.2 Goals Cafà © Chocolat has two goals, short term and long term. The short term goal is to gain brand recognition in the nation, and be one of the promising and well known French patisseries in Australia (Adriano Zumbo). Long term goals are to be an international company (Not Quite Nigella,2009), catering to the east and west of the world and to be internationally recognized, and open more stores around the Balmain district (Life style,2008) 4.0.1.3 Focus The main focus of Cafà © Chocolat is using chocolate to all its dessert in the cafe. However the desserts must reflect elegance deemed in French patisseries yet still be innovative and creative. 4.0.1.4 Culture Cafà © Chocolat is an Australian company, however the culture theme in the cafe resembles early Hollywood meet classic French style. Using vintage wood as its wall and having the Hollywood vintage music juke box. Cafà © Chocolat captures the fantasy on how a vintage cafe would have felt like. 4.0.1.5 Strength Cafà © Chocolat is associated with Adriano Zumbo. Adriano Zumbo is a very well respected culinary chef, Adriano Zumbo has been compared to, Pierre Hermà © of Australia (Not Quite Nigella,2009). Cafà © Chocolat is not just a cafe; at night it caters to the culinary enthusiast students to teach them how to bake unique western patisseries. 4.0.1.6 Weakness Cafà © Chocolat only holds two weaknesses. The weakness includes the location of the store convinces and the selection of hot food and seating arrangement. * Location Balmain is a very classy area however for city people to travel it will take around 10 mins by bus. Due to the inconvenient location, consumers are able to substitute Cafà © Chocolat products with other cafe goods. * Menu and seating arrangement The hot food selection of the cafe menu is very generic (selection of sandwich, brownie and lamington) these products can be easily replaced by substitute goods. The interior design of Cafà © Chocolat is unique and classy. However the cafe seating arrangement is slightly uncomfortable to sit on and the air-condition is located in the far end of the cafe. 4.0.2 Customer analysis 4.0.2.1 Numbers of customers IMA has conducted a field investigation in Cafà © Chocolat, the investigation took part for two days. During the two days from the time span of 9am -5pm around 28 different customers enter Cafà © Chocolat (a time span of 40 mins per customer group). In conclusion it can be said that roughly around 28 customers per day visit Cafà © Chocolat. 4.0.2.2 Type of customers in Australia Cafà © Chocolat attracts two different segments, a mature and a family segment. The mature segment and family segment category is created by IMA (Please refer to section 8, for more details into segmentation). 4.0.2.3 Type of customer in Shanghai IMA will recommend Cafà © Chocolat to attract â€Å"office workers† and â€Å"young adult† segment in the Shanghai market. Enjoying western pastries is only seen in the eyes of the intellectual Chinese. Not a lot of Chinese will want to explore the western side of dessert, however the educated and above average class will want to learn, understand and explore the western side of food. (Please refer to section 8 for a more detail explanation on â€Å"Target Market and Shanghai† 4.0.2.4 Value drivers Cafà © Chocolat has several value drivers. Below in table 4.1, it illustrates the factors that gives Cafà © Chocolat competitive advantage. Table 4.1 Drivers Advantages/ Benefit Varity of patisseries Cafà © Chocolat focuses on working on chocolate as the base dish. The style and technique used is one of a kind and can only be found in Cafà © Chocolat. Cafà © Chocolat can use this as a differentiation weapon and gain competitive advantage as being a cafe that incorporates chocolate in all of its patisseries. (E.g. warm chocolate soup, chocolate banana cake). The use of chocolate creates extraordinary flavour and the generic taste of chocolate cannot be tasted in some of his cakes. Adriano Zumbo re defines the flavour of chocolate. However there is still a selection in the menu that caters to non chocolate lovers. Environment Cafà © Chocolat is located in a half indoor/outdoor arena. This location gives customers a sense of relaxation where they can enjoy the summer breeze with shelter, or they can enjoy an art deco design interior while enjoying an Adriano Zumbo cake. The environment is not like the other cafes in Australia. It has a resemblance of the early Hollywood and classy French era. Adriano Zumbo Adriano Zumbo gained fame from â€Å"Master chef†. Adriano Zumbo is considered in the same category as â€Å"Neil perry† and â€Å"Ramon Morato†. With Adriano Zumbo name associated with Cafà © Chocolat, many audiences in the show will want to try his infamous creation. 4.0.2.5 Decision process Decision process on buying goods in the mind set of consumer is followed and illustrated in many attitude models. The most basic and well known model is called the â€Å"TRA Model† the TRA model is developed by Martin Fishbein and Icek Ajzen. The model breakdown consumer needs and wants into three categories. 4.0.3 Competitor analysis 4.0.3.1 Market position There are many competitors, both in Australia and in China. In table 4.3 there is a breakdown on Australia and Shanghai major competitors. In both market places the competitors position themselves according to their differentiation attributes. Table 4.3 (competition in Australia and Shanghai) Australia Shanghai Lindt Cafe Starbucks Starbucks Mitchell Patisserie Gloria Jeans Pacific coffee house Mitchell Patisserie Grand Hyatt Bakery Bread top Haagen dez Local own company Paris baguette The six Australian competitors companies are indirect and direct competitors competition with cafe chocolate. All six company above use price leadership as a weapon to gain competitive advantage. The six companies above use differentiation to position themselves. Starbuck uses its Variety of coffee beans, while Pacific coffee house uses it interior design and its wide range of coffees to gain competitive advantage. Sources: adapted from, Bread Dessert in Shanghai 4.0.3.2 Strength In Shanghai the international company already has captured large amount of market share. The big giant in the cafe industry in China has mass capital to increase their promotion and advertisement (Market Trends Global, 2007). Although Cafà © Chocolat is a well known cafe, there is a budget on how much it can spend on advertising and promotion. 4.0.3.4 Weaknesses The owners of Mitchell Patisserie and Starbuck are not well known culinary artist. However Cafà © Chocolat is linked with Adriano Zumbo, Adriano Zumbo is very famous in Australia and in the States for his unique design in western dessert. 4.0.4 Collaborator analysis 4.0.4.1 Joint venture Cafà © Chocolat is not working with any company currently. It does work with charity organisations to bring awareness to certain causes, on September 2009, Cafà © Chocolat hosted a pink ribbon breakfast. (Adriano Zumbo) [1]4.0.4.2 Distribution The distribution channel of Cafà © Chocolat is very limited and small. Adriano Zumbo orders its raw goods (i.e. flour and butter and eggs) from Sydney market. The distribution flow of Cafà © Chocolat in Sydney is; Ø Manufactures (the farmers who supply the raw material)- Ø The wholesaler is (Sydney market) Ø The retailer is (Cafà © Chocolat, who creates the raw material into the product) Ø Converted good will be distributed to the end-user Cafà © Chocolat distributes its own products when customers order the patisserie in bulk. Currently Cafà © Chocolat has two† Toyota Previa† for distribution. A weekly order for the raw goods comes every Monday morning from Sydney market. The imported goods come every fortnight. 5.0 Porters Five Forces Industry Analysis IMA has created a comparison model on the Shanghai market and the Australian Market for the cafe industry. The model that was used to do the comparison is called â€Å"Porter Five Forces Model†. The Five forces model look at the industry in five different perspectives. The five forces are; 1. Power of Suppliers 2. Power of buyers 3. Threat of existing competitors 4. Threat of new entrants 5. Threat of substitutes Shanghai is a big city with complex stores and innovative entrepreneurs to produces the next best things. The five forces model shows as to which part of the industry Cafà © Chocolat can excel in and in which to be more attentive to. 5.1 Supplier Power in China From a ten point scale, supplier power in China would be rated 4. The supplier power is consider a low threat. In China there are many different suppliers. If Cafà © Chocolat faces trouble in a situation where the supplier is taking advantage of the company payment or fluctuating prices, IMA would recommend and find another supplier to receive raw goods from. The switching costs of one supplier to another are not high. 5.2 Buyer Power: From a ten point scale, supplier power in China would be rated 4. 5.3 Competitive Rivalry: Shanghai is grooming itself to become the next international hub. Shanghai is currently giving its main town and villages major makeover to accommodate its new foreign guest, yet still keeping its oriental element. If compared to 10 years ago, Shanghai now has a wide range of oriental cuisine to western cuisine. Cafe chocolate will face a number of rivalry, ranging from small privately own cafes to mass chain cafes. Cafà © Chocolat is a unique cafe in the sense of it products and atmosphere. The possibility of mimicking its products will be very low. Cafà © Chocolat, major competition in Australian made patisseries is â€Å"Michel patisseries†. In Shanghai the international company already has captured large amount of market share. The big giant in the cafe industry in China has mass capital to increase their promotion and advertisement (Market Trends Global, 2007). Although Cafà © Chocolat is a well known cafe, there is a budget on how much it can spend on advertis ing and promotion. 5.4 Threat of Substitution: From a ten point scale, threat of substitution in China would be rated 6. The threat of substitution is classified as medium high. In all countries the food industry substitution is always considered as a high. There is a large amount of western dessert cafe/ shops in China (Austrade 2008). The threat of substitute for all food/drink consuming product are high because they all have no switching costs, and it really depends on the consumer if they enjoy the product itself or not. Potential substitute product Level of substitute Reason 1 Starbuck Product Coffee Cupcakes Pastries Location MEDIUM Starbuck coffee, cupcakes and pastries can be viewed as a possible threat to Cafà © Chocolat products. However a starbuck product uses powder base coffee and flavour to create their products. Cafà © Chocolat uses top quality Australian made product to create its product, making its taste and aroma, giving Cafà © Chocolat much more quality than Starbuck s. The possibility of consumer replacing the Cafe Chocolate product may be caused mainly due to pricing and possibly the location of the shop. 2 Local small breads and cakes outlet HIGH Due to the financial crisis, consumers are more aware on what they spend their money on. The local small stores in the city of Shanghai provide customers with readymade cake and pre package coffee. Customer may see the stores more convenient than Cafà © Chocolat. However the segment of the local stores is not relevant to cafe chocolate segment. The possibility of consumers replacing the Cafe Chocolate products may be cause mainly due to prices and possible the location of the shop. 3 Local Super making generic brand MEDIUM City Supermarket is becoming one of the hot spot for all consumers. The western culture of going to the superstore to buy all goods is becoming a sensational hit in Shanghai. Just a few years back in Shanghai if customers wanted to buy goods they u sed to travel to the local market and buy their goods. City supermarket shows a big leap in the Shanghai market, in westernising its culture. City Supermarket, stores readymade bakery and European style partiers. This may be considered a threat to Cafà © Chocolat, as it produces goods from its area of speciality. 5.5 Threat of New Entry: 6.0 SWOT Analysis and SWOT Matrix The analysis contains the examination of 4 components which distinguish between competitive advantage and disadvantage to position the business in both local and foreign market. Strengths Cafà © Chocolat is associated with Adriano Zumbo. Adriano Zumbo is a well known pastries chef Adriano Zumbos Participation in the ‘Master Chef allowed him to position his reputation in foreign market Cafà © Chocolat, creates unique pantries and consistently gets praised in food reviews. Strong brand recognition in Australia Cafà © Chocolat has become a food blog sensation, which attracts the Australian Asian community. Weaknesses Most of Asian region is dominated and heavily influenced by US goods There is no standard model where Australian products have successfully penetrated the Asian market The quality of its product highly depends on fresh ingredient shipped to China (Temperature control is critical) Cafà © Chocolat is a small company. Cafà © Chocolat does not have the experience to expand to the Shanghai market. Does not have any basic Chinese element Opportunities Cafà © Chocolat can charge a premium price in Shanghai, because the product is different Cafà © Chocolat can focus associate its brand with different charities in China. Australian food exports to China have doubled in the past five years. By 2010, Adriano Zumbo will publish cookery book and pastry class available for public ( the cook book can be translated into Chinese) Shanghai is in the work for building a Disney land, this will double the amount of tourist in the city. Shanghai is the new international hub of Asia. Threats Manufactured goods distributed through diverse channel Arise of several substitute, ie. Cupcakes on Pitt, Starbucks and Michel Patisserie Cultural clashes Chinese consumers have developed sophisticated tastes and needs Without appropriate allies with local distribution, the channel to end user can be limited Limited capital on advertising Possibility of material fluctuation. 6.0.1 SWOT Matrix with 4Ps (Moving â€Å"Weakness† into â€Å"Strength†) 6.0.2 SWOT Matrix with 4Ps (Moving â€Å"Threat† into â€Å"Opportunity†) 7.0 Objectives IMA has broken down the objectives into two different part, short term and long term. Short term is between the first three years of operation. Long term is the fourth year onwards to the tenth year. 7.1 Short term Objectives * Breakeven within two years of operation Expanding Cafà © Chocolat to Shanghai will require a large amount of capital. It is important that Cafà © Chocolat, get back its money in the first two years of operating in China. This is an important goal, because if Cafà © Chocolat is unable to breakeven, the long term perspective will face difficulties. * Brand awareness (ongoing long and short term) Cafà © Chocolat will need to be recognized by the Asian consumers in a positive way. Once the Cafà © Chocolat is recognized in the eyes of the Chinese consumer, it will be easy for Cafà © Chocolat to introduce or create franchises. * Positioning Cafà © Chocolat only produces high quality dessert. It is different from other companies with the variety it offers and its interior of the cafà © in China. It is very important that Cafà © Chocolat is perceived as a high quality brand. Cafà © Chocolat will need to associate itself with top end hotel and distribute it produc t to exclusive parties. 8.2 Long Term Objectives * Franchise Cafà © Chocolat long term objective is to open a few stores in Shanghai. The location of the first store will be in Pu Dong, the recommended second and third store will be around the district of shanghai financial center. * Expand the market Working in Shanghai will bring opportunity and recognition for Cafà © Chocolat. However it is still necessary to expand the Cafà © Chocolat to other markets. Once the Shanghai base is set up and running for a few years. Cafà © Chocolat will use the â€Å"Ansoff Matrix Grid† guide and expand in a new market, while keeping the same design and concept (Appendix 8.2) * New â€Å"brother company† If Cafà © Chocolat is able to succeed its entire short term goal, than a â€Å"brother† company may be considered into expanding the market even more. Currently Cafà © Chocolat is only focusing on the ingredient, chocolate. The new cafà © can focus on another main ingredient, and tap a niche market. (Ex ample â€Å"Cafà © vanilla† focuses on vanilla beans in all its dessert). If Cafà © Chocolat is successful then the brother store would be successful too. 8.0 Target Market IMA will recommend the city of Shanghai to Cafà © Chocolat to introduce its dynamic set of cakes and teas. Shanghai being the new international hub and booming in its financial economy and technology. This creates more opportunity for the vast majority of foreign workers in the ever so changing city. Shanghai trends and lifestyles are slowly developing towards the western side of the world, yet still keeping its originality and culture. IMA will segment Cafà © Chocolats target market according to the geographical location and psychographics of potential consumers. IMA estimates that there will be large demand for high quality patisserie and coffee in Pudong district. According to the trade area analysis (Appendix, Chart 1), Pudong district has the highest educated population and highest consumer purchasing power. (Eng, 2009) Since there are great numbers of international firms located in Pudong district, most of the employees are well educated and influenced by western cult ure. Some of them went overseas for their studies. Therefore, it is easier for them to accept western cafà © culture. In addition, there are several popular travelling spots in Pudong district such as the Pearl Tower and Jin Mao Tower. There are domestic and international tourists who will be potential consumers of Cafà © Chocolat. The estimated target market for Cafà © Chocolat will be analysed on consumers psychographics. Young and fashionable people (Age between 20-40) who love western culture will be one of the target consumers. Businessmen who use cafà ©s as a meeting place and couples who are looking for a great place to impress a date are all potential consumers. Cafà © Chocolat will be a great place for friends to meet and to learn how to make patisseries and coffee. 8.0.1 Market Positioning Positioning statement: ADRIANO ZUMBO Cafà © Chocolat is a chic and fashionable little cafà ©. The skilful work of Adriano Zumbo gives a new name to contemporary French patisseries. Famous for their endless flavours and colour, Adriano Zumbo products are known to be little cakes of heaven. Cafà © Chocolat offers customers a wide range of aroma tea and tender yet delicate bite size cakes. Benefits offered: The main benefit which Cafà © Chocolat will offer its client is â€Å"high quality† and â€Å"differentiated patisseries†. The sub benefit will include relaxing atmosphere and convenient location. Cafà © Chocolat will be located in the heart of busy Pu dong District. In diagram 8.1 it shows the mufti dimensions of the perceptual map of Cafà © Chocolat. 8.0.2 Market Entry Strategy IMA will choose the market entry strategy as â€Å"Wholly Owned Subsidiary† for Cafà © Chocolat. The benefits of Wholly Owned Subsidiary are full control of organisations operations. Cafà © Chocolat does not need to worry about all the risks and anxieties associated with partnerships or joint ventures. It is important to get full control of organisation for the first shop in Shanghai. It will be easier and more efficient for Cafà © Chocolat to manage Shanghais subsidiary. Alternations of products and services will be made to match with local market needs. Considering all the factors of operation and management, wholly owned subsidiary will be the most suitable entry mode for Cafà © Chocolat in Shanghai IMA recommend Cafà © Chocolat to enter Shanghai in the early 2011. This will give Cafà © Chocolat time to collect efficient funds for the Shanghai project. Moreover, Shanghai is now generating more buzz about tourist attraction sight and Disney land. So entering in 20 11 will be a suitable idea for two main reason. The first reason is, give time to shanghai to recover from the financial crisis. The second reason is, in 2011 will be a busy tourism year for Shanghai. 9.0 Marketing Tactics and Strategy IMA recommends three strategies for Cafà © Chocolat to use. Each strategy is tested and used in a new market place. The three strategies can be considered a piggy back strategy for one another. The three strategies are; * 9.1 Ansoff Matrix (Growth Strategy) * 9.2 Blue Ocean Strategy (Value Innovation) * 9.3 Porter Generic Strategy (differentiation) Beside using the three strategies, Cafà © Chocolat will work with four hotel in China (Le Royal Mà ©ridien Shanghai, Four Points by Sheraton Shanghai, Pudong, The St. Regis Shanghai and Sheraton Shanghai Hongqiao Hotel). The four hotels are all well known and sophisticated hotel in China, Which caters to the same target market as Cafà © Chocolat. 9.1 Ansoff Matrix Growth Strategies (Market Development) The Ansoff Matrix was first published in the Harvard Business Review in 1957, and has given generations of marketers and small business leaders a quick and simple way to develop a strategic approach to growth (Appendix 10.1) . Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including: †¢ New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country. †¢ New product dimensions or packaging: †¢ New distribution channels †¢ Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments 9.2 Blue ocean Strategy (Value Innovation) The value innovation is recommended to use in the same time as Porter generic strategy (differentiation). The â€Å"Blue Ocean Value Innovation† talks about reducing or eliminating unnecessary cost (i.e. intensive advertising, unnecessary distribution cost and many more aspect that may add cost to a company.), and gain market value or buyer experiences (i.e. one of a kind environment, unique packaging and consistent differentiation). In diagram 10.2 illustrates the basic principle of Value Innovation. In section 10.2.1 and 10.2.2 explains possible cost that could be eliminated and possible benefit that can be increase to master buyers experience. 9.2.1 Factors that could be eliminated: 1. Advertising expenses Advertising cost can never be eliminated, however it could be reduced. IMA will recommend Cafà © Chocolat, to advertise in a social way. This means creating a facebook account, a QQ account (Chinese version of facebook) and be part of a food blog group (e.g. Open Rice China). Social communication advertising does not cost money, and it can help reduce advertising expense. However visual advertisement in the cosmopolitan area will still be needed to attract the relevant target market. Reducing the amount of waiter Cafà © Chocolat, will not hire more than three waiters in Cafà © Chocolat Shop. The waiters will be replaced with computer screen that is moulded into the table. This idea is inspired by the restaurant â€Å"Taiwan† in Sydney, Australia, China Town. Customers are able to order they item on the computer screen, and the order will automatically be transferred to the kitchen or pastries counter. Cafà © Chocolat will reduce the wage expenses if the implemen tation of the computer system waiter is installed. (find the company who creates them) 2. Inventory Cafà © Chocolat will not hold any inventory. This will help Cafà © Chocolat save in terms of storage. Cafà © Chocolat will be a â€Å"made to order† Company. This means that all goods will be book a day advances. This will give the chef time to prepare all the goods. 3. Complicated names of patisseries English is considered the second or third language in the China. Cafà © Chocolat will need to rename certain pastries to make it easy for Chinese people to order. Cafà © Chocolat needs to make sure it does not turn off end user by the products name. For example, American are turnoff drinking red wine because of all it complex name it has (Kim and Mauborgne 2005). 4. Outsourcing Outsourcing will be use for the distribution process. IMA recommend the company â€Å"Shanghai Cansheen Forwarding Co., Ltd† to do all the logistic movement in China. Outsourcing will help Cafà © Chocolat reduce the cost of owning a motor vehicle and help reduces unnecessary distribution expense. 9.2.2 Factor that will benefit buyers experiences 1. Chinese culture To make customer remember Cafà © Chocolat uniqueness, Cafà © Chocolat will need to incorporate the elements of China, Australia and France in the cafe. It is very important that the retail shop of Cafà © Chocolat is attractive and one of a kind. Cafà © Chocolat will step away from the traditional architect of how a Cafà © is perceived. 2. Computer waiters Waiters will be replaces with computers. In section 10.2.1, IMA explains how computer waiter is a cheaper than hiring a waiter. And how it is much more efficient in the ordering process. In appendix 10.2.2 illustrates how the user interface will look like in Cafà © Chocolat. 3. Patisseries Story To give customer a sense of attachment to Cafà © Chocolat products, Cafà © Chocolat will create a story for each of the pastries it serves. The story will incorporate the elements of the Chinese and Western culture in it. It we made in a style of a doggy badge and will be placed on the box or plate when served. Below in table 10.2 is an example on how the story will be like. 4. Patisseries School To make customer appreciate the art of western dessert, Cafà © Chocolat will create a Patisseries school in the Cafà © Chocolat retail shop. The school will run every two months by Adriano Zumbo himself. The advantage of the Patisseries School, is it will gain brand awareness to customers, and the possibility of attracting a niche segment. 9.3 Porter Generic Strategies (Differentiation) IMA Suggest Porter generic Strategy (Differentiation) for Cafà © Chocolat, because the aim and objective of this strategy is to be a firm to be unique in its industry, along some dimension that are widely value by buyers. This strategy will work together with the Blue Ocean Strategy (Value Innovation), to gain competitive advantage. However the generic Strategy did state â€Å"recommended to be lower than the cost premium† (Porter, M. E. 1980). In the generic strategy, IMA will only use the differentiation drivers, on how to make a company unique. In the pricing aspect IMA will not follow the concept of the differentiation strategy. IMA has listed down the uniqueness driver for differentiation. The driver includes; 9.3.1 Pricing Differentiation: Cafà © Chocolat will use the â€Å"Adaptive Approach† this is where Cafà © Chocolat, sets the price according to the market conditions. Whiles using the Adaptive approach Cafà © Chocolat will be using the â€Å"customer base pricing† to set the prices for its products. Section 10.2, explains pricing in more detail. 9.3.2 Promotional Differentiation The selected approach for promotions includes: * Food blogs * Creating fan clubs in the Chinese version of Facebook â€Å"QQ† * Support certain charity * Membership and Create a coupon system Section 10.4, explains promotion in more detail. 9.3.3 Distribution Differentiation All distribution decision, we be out sourced to DHL Australia, for importing goods to China. Shanghai Cansheen Forwarding Co, will be in charge for all the logistic in China. Section 10.3, explains pricing in more detail. 9.3.4 Brand Differentiation: To achieve Brand Differentiation, Cafà © Chocolat needs to make sure it follows and answer he following seven factors. 1. Cafà © Chocolat stands for something important to the customer 2. Cafà © Chocolat values align with the customers values 3. Cafà © Chocolat reinforces the customers self image or how the customer aspires to be perceived 4. Cafà © Chocolat possesses admirable qualities 5. Cafà © Chocolat provides unique or superior customer service 6. Cafà © Chocolat delivers a unique product purchase or usage experience 7. Cafà © Chocolat is entertaining If Cafà © Chocolat is able to follow the eight factors, then it can gain brand differentiation. 9.4 Strategic alliances To gain instant brand recognition, IMA recommends the following four hotels to hold Cafà © Chocolat patisseries. It is recommended that Cafà © Chocolat create a dessert selection or menu for the four hotels to hold. Table 9.4 illustrates the four hotels Cafà © Chocolat will work with: Table 9.4 ( the four hotel Cafà © Chocolat will work with) Hotel Cafe/Restaurant Le Royal Mà ©ridien Shanghai Allure Fine French Cuisine Restaurant Four Points by Sheraton Shanghai Riverside cafe The St. Regis Shanghai Saints International Restaurant Sheraton Shanghai Hongqiao Hotel *All four hotels are located in Pudong District. The strategic alliance, Cafà © Chocolat hold with the following four hotels will be â€Å"Non-equity strategic alliance†. Nonequity strategic alliance is an alliance in which two or more firms develop a contractual-relationship to share some of their unique resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage. In other words Cafà © Chocolat will only offer limited products to the following four hotels. The hotel will help Cafà © Chocolat advertise its product in all the tourist brochure, official hotel website and room service menu. In return Cafà © Chocolat will not sell the pastries that are being distributed to the hotels. Cafà © Chocolat will also advertise t he four hotels thought, it electronic waiter screen saver and name four pastries after the hotel. Cafà © Chocolat will be schedule to delivery around 30 pastries to each of the hotel cafe/ restaurant and another 30 for room service order. This means daily a batch of 120 pastries will be delivered to the four hotels. It is estimated that every month the four hotel will pay Cafà © Chocolat CNY 55,800 each which is equivalent to 7971 AUD (exchange rate of 7AUD to 1 CNY). This price is calculated thought the format of approximate price of pastries (roughly around $30) (x) 31 days in a month. 9.4.1 Contract negotiation Legal document will be drawn before any business transaction is to be conducted. In the business contract of each of the four hotels, will clearly state the terms and condition. The contract should only last for 2 years. If a renewal of the contract is anticipated. Cafà © Chocolat can discuss the matter with its local lawyer in Shanghai. The head office in Australia will be in charge of all the decision making process for Cafà © Chocolat Shanghai. IMA will recommend a meeting with the four hotels, to discuss the terms and condition before signing any contract. 9.5 Risk Prevention All products that will be exported out of Australia will be all insured. It is very important that the goods being imported to China all have the quality control stamp. In China, IMA will appoint a local law firm to over look all legal aspect of the Chinese distribution system, making sure that the raw material is delivered in a optimum condition. Cafà © Chocolat headquarter in Shanghai (Kuiyuanzhai Food Factory) will need to be equip with proper food storage to make sure that the imported goods is still useable. DHL Australia and Shanghai Cansheen Forwarding Co., Ltd, will sign a legal document stating and insuring that any damages on good will be under there liability. Cafà © Chocolat, will monitor the goods before letting it be distributed. 10.0 Marketing Mix 10.0.1 Product Packaging design for take out The product design of Cafà © Chocolat is a simple card board white box with Cafà © Chocolat name printed at the side. In the Shanghai market, Cafà © Chocolat take out box will be redesigned in an artistic way. The take out box will be packaged with the colours red and gold. Red and gold symbolise luck and fortune in the Chinese tradition. The new packaging will include a small descriptive story of each dessert. The story will give each dessert its own personality. This will make create an attachment between the consumers and the product. Flavours of tea Cafà © Chocolat offers different flavour of herbal tea. At the present time Cafà © Chocolat is holding up to 7 different flavours of tea. It is recommended that Cafà © Chocolat expands its product offerings in respect to Chinese herbal tea instead of the western European tea. In appendix 10.1 clarifies the existing and new flavours that will be introduced in Shanghai. Logo The original logo of Cafà © Chocolat is pink, white and black. Both the colour in the current logo represents death (white and Black) in the Chinese culture. It is recommended that Cafà © Chocolat changes its logo and use light colours. In section 3.0 it states that â€Å"if the consumer has a perception of the company to be unlucky than the consumer would not want to be associated with it†. Appendix 10.1 shows the three selections on how the propose logo should look like. New products Cafà © Chocolat will introduce a new flavour of chocolate dessert ever month to rejuvenate the company selection in pastier. The new product will follow the theme of the Chinese lunar calendar. 10.0.2 Price Product prices differ from one country to another, mainly due to the cost associated such as tariffs or taxes imposed by the country the product is being sold in (Harvard Business School, 1988). Cafà © Chocolat will place its product price in the premium category. Cafà © Chocolat target market is segmented through geographic region and behavioural factors. The targeted geographic region is usually where all the wealthy Chinese are located. Cafà © Chocolat will use the â€Å"Adaptive Approach† this is where Cafà © Chocolat, sets the price according to the market conditions. Whiles using the Adaptive approach Cafà © Chocolat will be using the â€Å"customer base pricing† to set prices of its products. Table 1 shows the differences in sales prices from the Australia and Shanghai market. Tea Converted Dessert Converted Sandwiches Converted Australia 3.5 AUD 11.5 AUD 9.5 AUD China 10.00 CNY 3.8 AUD 35.00 CNY 5.3 AUD 30.00CNY 4.6 AUD The price set in China would be considered high in the market, however when comparing back to AUD the price will be consider average. Currently the AUD is standing around 1 to 6.5 Yuan (9.00 am; 10th January 2010). Cafà © Chocolat will price its tea at 25 CNY. Dessert (average size) will cost 35 CNY and for a sandwich 30CNY. Table 2 shows the differences in price in the competitor stand point. Competitor Starting price of, Tea Dessert Sandwiches Mitchell Patisserie 5CNY 10CNY 15CNY Pacific coffee house 12CNY 25CNY 30CNY Grand Hyatt Bakery 20CNY 30CNY 35CNY Cafà © Chocolat is targeting the â€Å"rich segment† therefore Cafà © Chocolat is going to price its products in the premium category. Cafà © Chocolat will not give any form of discounts in any of its product. 10 .0.3 Place Cafà © Chocolat will be located in Shanghais new finance and trade zone, Pudong district. Several of Shanghais signature skyline buildings are located in the area. For instance, Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai Tower and Shanghai World Financial Center are all located in Pudong. ‘The Pudong district of Shanghai contains contemporary architecture and modern-feeling districts, in close proximity to major international trade and hospitality zones. (Chinatourdesign, 2009) Shanghai Cansheen Forwarding Co., Ltd is appointed the main distributor for Cafà © Chocolat. All the distribution in Shanghai will be conducted by Shanghai Cansheen Forwarding Co., Ltd. In Shanghai, Cafà © Chocolat will lease a factory space in Kuiyuanzhai Food Factory. Kuiyuanzhai Food Factory will be the main headquarter for Cafà © Chocolat in China. All products will be created in the food factory and then it will be distributed to the retail shop, online customer, hotels and bulk buyers. Raw materials us ed to make the pastries will be imported to Shanghai by DHL Australia. Fresh fruits will be purchased by the Shanghai Meihuiyuan Fruit Wholesaler market. Diagram 9.3, illustrates the connection line in the distribution channel. Before all items are shipped out of Australia, a quality control team will make sure that the raw materials are safe for consumption and then they are certify by the food committee of Australia. 9.0.4 Promotion Food blogs Cafà © Chocolat will hire food critics to translate previous food blogs into Chinese. IMA recommends Cafà © Chocolat to use a form of persuasion called â€Å"Social Proof†. Social proof is where company creates testimonial and blogs for consumer to have an insight on. If the remarks made by the critics are positive, there may be a high chance that consumer may try Cafà © Chocolat products. Creating fan clubs in the Chinese version of Facebook â€Å"QQ† QQ is a popular social site in China. QQ is the Facebook of all Chinese, all youngster and teen enjoy going through it. Cafà © Chocolat will create a fan club page and it will put 500 fans in it. Usually if people see their friends support it, they will support it too. This is a good way to build brand awareness. The reason why 500 fans are already in the fan club is to give a mental belief that Cafà © Chocolat is famous. This may drive customer on trying out Cafà © Chocolat products. Support certain charity In Australia, Cafà © Chocolat supports the breast cancer foundation (Adriano Zumbo). In Shanghai, Cafà © Chocolat will work with supporting fresh food and water to the underprivileged provinces in China. Donation box will be place around the store to attract the cause of the charity, and build a connection between charities and Cafà © Chocolat Create a coupon system Cafà © Chocolat will sell 100CNY vouchers to be used in Cafà © Chocolat. This can be used as a gift giving gesture. Voucher would only start circulation during Christmas time, and Chinese lunar New Year. Membership In Shanghai, Cafà © Chocolat will create a membership card for regular customers. This will have special features like buy five teas and get a free special dessert. The membership card will also help Cafà © Chocolat to tally how many customers enter Cafà © Chocolat daily, and what food and drinks they prefer and purchase on regular basis. 13.0 Implementation The implementation of strategy will be broken down into three parts. Each part take completion period will be base on time. The three phases of implementing the strategy are shown in table 13.0. Table 13.0 (the phases of Implementation) Phases Timeframe Objectives 1 1 month  · Draw up all legal contract ( Distribution, Insurance, Rent space) * Create Social Advertisement  · Renovation on HQ shanghai and Cafà © Chocolat Retail shop  · Conduct a meeting with the four hotels for alliance 2 1 Month * Print work begins for (major advertisement in Pudong , Print hotel Menu) * Distribution trail out (exporting small amount to China) * All cafe furniture installed * Computer waiter installed 3 On going * Start up operation online * Start up distribution in China * Start up Shop The implementation process will take two months of preparation and negotiation before opening the store in Shanghai. The implementation stage will be managed mainly by IMA. IMA will make sure all staff in this project is up-to-date with any changes. IMA will use â€Å"Internal marketing† to motivate staff and outsourcing company to work together as a team, and uses appropriat e management skills to fix any problem. IMA will work with AUSTRAD China to manage the beginning stages of operation for the first couple of months. After six months, IMA will train workers from Cafà © Chocolat on how to manage the distribution and marketing strategies in China. Every six months IMA will check up on Cafà © Chocolat 13.1 Exit Strategy Entering to a new market is considered very risky. However in todays proposal, IMA has listed down the Situation Analysis (internal and external) factor of China and the consumer behaviour mentality in China. With the information presented, it will give Cafà © Chocolat a big insight and understanding of China. However there is always the possibility of Cafà © Chocolat not reaching it short term objectives. It is very important that Cafà © Chocolat Shanghai does not affect the business in Australia. When this happens Cafà © Chocolat will need to have an exit Strategy. IMA recommends closing down the retail branch. Cafà © Chocolat is a private company, therefore no shares can be bought so the only thing possible option to close the retail shop in Pudong and only have the factory. This will make Cafà © Chocolat an online delivery company. If Cafà © Chocolat is unable to solve the financial problem Cafà © Chocolat will need to liquidate its assets. 13.2 Contingency Plan IMA needs to make sure that Cafà © Chocolat will have a safety blanket when issues happen to arise. The possibility of a distributor or the possibility of an alliances breaking contract can happen, even when there is a legal commitment. IMA created a marketing mix in case if something happens. The marketing mix presented below will affect the pricing, promotion and distribution aspect in the marketing mix. Table 13.1 illustrates â€Å"Plan B Marketing Mix†. This marketing mix should only come in affect if the following scenario happens. Possible scenario: Table 13.2 â€Å"Plan B Marketing Mix† Marketing Mix Plan B Strategy Price From customer base pricing, Cafà © Chocolat can change it pricing strategy to cost base pricing (Profit Planned Pricing). The advantage of cost base pricing is this method will ensure Cafà © Chocolat will earn a profit. This type of pricing method is well suited in manufacturing companies. Promotion Cafà © Chocolat will give discount on mass purchase product, and will give discount seasonally. This promotion strategy will be considered the option if any promotional campaign online doesnt work. Place If the logistic companies are unreliable, Cafà © Chocolat will purchase a vehicle. The vehicle will be the main distributor from Shanghai Fruit market to HQ. The vehicle will rented by an outsourcing company, and the driver will be personally hired by Cafà © Chocolat. Depending on the scenario, Cafà © Chocolat cab choice the following three options from Plan B strategy, to help improve the situation. Table 13.2.3 â€Å"The possible disasters in Shanghai, and Contingency Plan† Disaster Backup plan Computer waiter The computer waiter is all software bases. Cafà © Chocolat will keep three software copies in China. The first copy will be located with AUSTRADE; the second copy will be located in the HQ (Kuiyuanzhai Food Factory). The final software copy will be located in the safe of Cafà © Chocolat Shop. The software main version is located in Sydney, Balmain Shop. Robbery Cafà © Chocolat will install the latest alarm system and have four security camera located in each end of the shop. All cash register will be locked in a moulded concert wall. In a case of a robbery, and Cafà © Chocolat cash as been stolen. IMA recommends Cafà © Chocolat HQ to hold some emergency cash. Water Flood Cafà © Chocolat will need to have inventory storage of Cafà © equipment in the Cafà © Chocolat HQ. In case any equipment has been damage. Black out Cafà © Chocolat will have a battery run motor for its alarm system and security purpose. Cafà © Chocolat un-tapping the Shanghai Market Page 25

Analysis Of Catharine A. Mackinnon And The Afterword By...

What makes this edition different than any of the other editions before is the Foreword written by Catharine A. MacKinnon and the Afterword by Rebecca Mead. Catharine is a well renown author and professor. She gives a point of view on the book that is more up to date and challenged what Millett was trying to say. For example, MacKinnon talks heavily on the sexual revolution and how it was for men rather than for women and the elimination of patriarchy. The point MacKinnon makes that is very prevalent is (MacKinnon, 2016, Location No. 167), â€Å"in light of what is known now about rape, sexual harassment, pornography, prostitution, sexual abuse of children, and the changed relation of sex to gender in the family as well as further information on terrorism and war, is that male dominance, potentiated and centrally entitled and expressed sexually, is indeed the key to politics.† At the end of the Foreword, MacKinnon talks about how much of an influence this book has had on the feminist movement since it was written and how many people have tried to act on it and will continue to after reading this book. The Afterword by Rebecca Mead, a writer for the New York Times, focuses on the societal changes and biases in our culture. She brings to our attention that things such as abortion and state supported child care, things people were demanding during the movement in the 1970s are still not fully there. She said (Mead, 2016, Location No. 10575), â€Å"Sexual Politics now brings to

Macbeth Theme Free Essays

One of the most fascinating ways in which Shakespeare explores the theme of appearance and reality is through the characters of the witches. The witches bring with them confusion, which infects the natural order. Night becomes day. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Theme or any similar topic only for you Order Now Duncan’s horses eat each other, Fair is foul, and foul is fair. This quote is fairly early in the text, and sets the tone for the rest of the play. It alludes to the deceptive nature of the play, referring to the idea that things are not always as they seem. The quote itself foreshadows the apparent sinister and deceitful nature of the play, in that it brings forth the idea that things that seem fair, good and true may well in fact be evil or foul. Likewise, things that appear evil may possess elements of good in them. This quote is a key component of the play, as the play itself centres around the idea of deception and that what appears on the outside is not always a true reflection of what lies beneath,. the course of the play, they lead to greater confusion in Macbeth’s mind. They seem to promise him good things, but his life subsequently begins to deteriorate. On the night of the murder, Macbeth sees a floating dagger, but can not decide if this â€Å"air-drawn dagger† is real or a figment of his imagination proceeding from his â€Å"heat-oppressed brain†. His confusion between what is real and what is not seems to increase as the witches’ influence over Macbeth grows. As Macbeth’s actions become more tyrannical and savage, the strain of hiding their (Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s) true nature surfaces. The pair quickly begins to lose their grip on reality. Following Banquo’s murder, Macbeth sees his ghost at the feast. Macbeth has lost the ability to differentiate between appearance and reality. The cause behind Macbeth’s murder of Banquo was his inability to accept anything at face-value. Macbeth turns to the witches when he begins to become â€Å"cribb’d and confined†. These are the very â€Å"hags† behind Macbeth’s original confusion. They very quickly bring Macbeth into a state of mind where he becomes totally disconnected from reality. He takes the witches apparitions and predictions literally, believing that he is safe from any harm. The prediction that Macbeth will be safe until â€Å"Birnam Wood reaches Dunsinane† appears to indicate that he will not be threatened any time in the near future. In reality, it is showing him his impending downfall. It is at this stage that the forces of good come together and travel to Scotland to overthrow Macbeth. As the tide turns on Macbeth, the king and queen become more disillusioned and reach the brink of insanity. Suffering from memories of the murder, Lady Macbeth is unable to make a distinction between reality and fantasy. In her panicked state, she takes her own life. Meanwhile, Macbeth is forced to acknowledge that the witches â€Å"lie like truth†. They have equivocated. Macbeth is at this stage ready to see the world for what it is, not for what he wishes it to be. The play Macbeth is undoubtedly a very shocking and disturbing play. In the course of the play, the boundaries between reality and appearance are in a constant state of flux. As a result, very little is as it seems in the play. The characters are regularly concealing their true natures and their true ambitions and desires. How to cite Macbeth Theme, Papers

Philosophical Considerations Of Pencak Silat As Applied To Indonesias Need To Improve free essay sample

Describes the traditional philosophy of the Malay peoples, called Pencak Silat. Assesses the means by which the philosophy can aid in the future of Indonesia. Philosophical Considerations of Pencak Silat As Applied to Indonesias need to Improve The philosophy of Pencak Silat is a major part of the ancient and modern culture of people of the Malay race who are the native inhabitants in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. People in Java commonly use the word Pencak, whereas the people who live in the other regions of Indonesia commonly use the word Silat. The combination of the words Pencak and Silat into a compound word was made for the first time when an organization of the unity of Pencak schools and Silat schools in Indonesia was founded in Surakarta in 1948, which called itself Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (The Indonesian Pencak Silat Association), abbreviated as IPSI. Since then, Pencak Silat has become the official term in Indonesia (Shapiro, 1994, 62). We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophical Considerations Of Pencak Silat As Applied To Indonesias Need To Improve or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Chaplin Essays - American Comedy Films, Charlie Chaplin, Chaplin

Chaplin Essays - American Comedy Films, Charlie Chaplin, Chaplin Chaplin Charlie Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother's mental decline put her into an institution. Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so. But it was his mother Charlie idolized and was inspired by during his visits backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself. He achieved his ambition when he joined a dancing troop, the Eight Lancashire Lads, and this eventually led onto parts in Sherlock Holmes and Casey's Court Circus. Sydney, meanwhile, had joined the famous Fred Karno Company and quickly became a leading player and writer therein. He managed to get Charlie involved, and he too became a Karno star. For both boys, Karno was almost a college of comedy for them, and the period had a huge impact on Charlie especially. In 1910 Charlie toured the U.S. with the Karno group and returned for another in 1912. It was on this tour that he was head hunted by Mack Sennett and his Keystone Film Company, and Charlie was thus introduced into the medium of film. His first film, in 1914, was aptly titled Making A Living, and it was directed by Henry Lehrman. He starred in many of his Keystones along side Mabel Normand, who also directed three of his films, but it wasn't until Twenty Minutes of Love that he had a taste of directing himself, and this quickly became the only way he worked. His success was such that he was able to move from one company to another, each time into a better deal. In 1915, after thirty-five films, he moved to Essanay, and it was here he really found his feet, not to mention his longest serving leading lady, Edna Purviance. Notable films during this period include The Champion, The Tramp and The Bank. In 1916 he moved to Lone Star Mutual, with even greater control and financial rewards. Here he made the definitive Chaplin short comedies, The Rink, Easy Street, The Cure and The Immigrant. First National were next, and it was here he constructed his full length masterpiece, The Kid. Shorter comedies of note at this time included Sunnyside and The Idle Class. Along with his great friend, Douglas Fairbanks, as well as Mary Pickford and D.W. Griffith, Chaplin formed United Artists in 1919. He made his first film for them in 1923, the Edna Purviance vehicle, A Woman of Paris, perhaps the least known of his films, but it was followed by the Chaplin classics - The Gold Rush, The Circus, City Lights and Modern Times. It wasn't until 1940 that he made his first talkie, The Great Dictator, to be followed by the more refined Monsieur Verdoux and Limelight, a look back to the music hall world of his youth. Limelight (1952) was the last film he made in America. McCarthyite political maneuverings effectively ejected him from the country and he wasn't to return until 1972, when he received a special Academy Award. In the meantime, though heartily welcomed back to Britain, he moved to Switzerland with his wife, Oona O' Neill, and their children. He made two more films, A King In New York (1957, with Dawn Addams) and A Countess From Hong Kong (1967, with Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando) and spent his final years writing music for his films and enjoying his family life before he died, at 4 A.M. on Christmas Day in 1977. Bibliography Robinson, David. Charlie Chaplin: The Art of Comedy (1995) Mitchell, Glenn. The Chaplin Encyclopedia (1997) Karney, Robyn and Cross, Robin. The Life and Times of Charlie Chaplin (1992) Gifford, Denis. The Comic Art of Charlie Chaplin (1989) McCabe, John. Charlie Chaplin (1978) Payne, Robert. The Great Charlie (1957)

Understanding Uniform Probability

Understanding Uniform Probability A discrete uniform probability distribution is one in which all elementary events in the sample space have an equal opportunity of occurring. As a result, for a finite sample space of size n, the probability of an elementary event occurring is 1/n. Uniform distributions are very common for initial studies of probability. The histogram of this distribution will look rectangular in shape. Examples One well-known example of a uniform probability distribution is found when rolling a standard die. If we assume that the die is fair, then each of the sides numbered one through six has an equal probability of being rolled. There are six possibilities, and so the probability that a two is rolled is 1/6. Likewise, the probability that a three is rolled is also 1/6. Another common example is a fair coin. Each side of the coin, heads or tails, has an equal probability of landing up. Thus the probability of a head is 1/2, and the probability of a tail is also 1/2. If we remove the assumption that the dice we are working with are fair, then the probability distribution is no longer uniform. A loaded die favors one number over the others, and so it would be more likely to show this number than the other five. If there is any question, repeated experiments would help us to determine if the dice we are using are really fair and if we can assume uniformity. Assumption of Uniform Many times, for real-world scenarios, it is practical to assume that we are working with a uniform distribution, even though that may not actually be the case. We should exercise caution when doing this. Such an assumption should be verified by some empirical evidence, and we should clearly state that we are making an assumption of a uniform distribution. For a prime example of this, consider birthdays. Studies have shown that birthdays are not spread uniformly throughout the year. Due to a variety of factors, some dates have more people born on them than others. However, the differences in popularity of birthdays are negligible enough that for most applications, such as the birthday problem, it is safe to assume that all birthdays (with the exception of leap day) are equally likely to occur.

Jim Crows Laws Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jim Crows Laws - Research Paper Example hat the Civil Rights Act of 1875 as unconstitutional and that although the Fourteenth Amendment prevents states from discriminating against races, private individuals and organizations were not prevented from doing so.8 The Supreme Court ruling provided a booster for discrimination against blacks to develop, worsen, and persist. Thus, by 1914, every southern state passed laws segregating blacks and whites: blacks and whites could not ride in the same transport, be together, and blacks were denied access to washrooms, parks, beaches, picnic areas, certain hospitals, and the like. Blacks and whites were segregated based on which drinking fountains they can use.9 In the words of Sandoval–Strauz, for more than a century, public accommodations were at the epicenter of legal and political struggles for racial equality.10 Primarily, the years 1890 to the 1960s are widely considered as the Jim Crow era.11 However, several authors argue that Jim Crow legislations have remained and not repealed in the 21st century even as there is no longer a Jim Crow system in the United States. For example, the Jim Crow Study Group of the University of Arizona revealed in 2004 that there are several Jim Crow laws remaining in the Codes of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina, Virginia and West Virginia.12 Researchers agree that the Jim Crow system promoted the notion of white supremacy, economic exploitation, electoral disfranchisement, and violence.13 In 1959, Stetson Kennedy published a book with the title, Jim Crow Guide to the U.S.A.: The Laws, Customs, and Etiquette Governing the Conduct of Nonwhites and Other Minorities as Second-class citizens.14 J. Hernandez documented some of the Jim Crow etiquette15: 1. Black males cannot offer their hand to a white female because that would imply social equality. 2. Blacks and whites cannot eat together but if they have to eat together, the whites are to be served first and there must be a wide space betw een blacks and whites. 3. Under no event must a black male offer to light the cigarette of a white female. 4. Blacks were not allowed to publicly express affection with one another because that is offensive to whites. 5. Blacks were introduced to whites but never whites to blacks. 6. Whites need not use courtesy titles of respect such as Mr., Mrs., Sir, and Ma’am when referring to blacks but blacks are required to do so. Blacks can be called by their first names but blacks are not allowed to refer to whites by their first names. 7. If a black person has to ride a car driven by a white person, the black person must be at the back seat or at the back of a truck 8. White motorists have the right-of-way in all intersections. Further, according to J. Hernandez, Stetson Kennedy prescribed the following etiquette for

Application essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Application - Essay Example Similarly, the college has a well-versed faculty, with long time experience both in the profession and in the classroom. The faculty ensures that the students channeled out are ready to face the challenges of the market. With innovative technology, modern classrooms, and friendly staff, I believe the college has the best future for me. My personal interest in the pharmaceutical field is rooted in my desire to leave a mark for the improvement of others health. During high school, I was party to the school’s first aid team, and it is where my interest in the profession grew. I have had the prerogative of fostering my interest by attending various community health seminars, giving me an advantage in the profession. I prefer to pursue a career that provides my life with both meaning and satisfaction. My pursuit of excellence has always been realized academically. In thus profess to continue to challenge my persona with the rigorous pharmacy program at the college of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences of nova

Descartes Say About Primary Qualities

Descartes Say About Primary Qualities Rene Descartes and John Locke both have similar theories about primary qualities. They both hold the same position on what is that primary qualities are. Both of them believe that primary qualities have the power to cause ideas in our minds. The main distinction between their theories lies in whether primary qualities are perceived by means of the senses or by the intellect. Rene Descartes believed that there are two types of qualities, primary and secondary qualities. To Rene Descartes, primary qualities are those that are clearly and distinctly perceived by us (33). These qualities are those that exist due to their geometric integrity and which are related to some extension of a body in space. By this reasoning, Descartes believes these primary qualities are composed of anything that is measurable and can have math applied to them such as motion, shape and size. Descartes believes that primary qualities are not misleading like secondary qualities are. This is because the essence of secondary qualities is not geometric and thus these qualities are perceived obscurely. Nevertheless both of these qualities produce ideas within us. The difference about the ideas produced by these qualities lie in whether it is clear and distinct or obscure and confused. The reason that these secondary qualities are often misleading and primary qualities are not is because we perceive both of these qualities differently. Descartes states that primary qualities, unlike secondary qualities, are perceived clearly and distinctly. This he beliefs, is due to the fact that our method that we go by perceiving these qualities is different. Primary qualities are perceived through our intellect as opposed to secondary qualities which are perceived through our senses (14). Descartes believes that our understanding comes through our intellect and not our senses, therefore the ideas that we are able to grasp from primary qualities are not by means of our senses but rather by means of our intellect since they are clear and distinct unlike those ideas that come from our senses which are obscure and confused. Both primary and secondary qualities are perceived by the mind immediately and therefore result in the ideas we have (32). Unlike secondary qualities, primary qualities are features of the physical objects that are actually there but we come to understand the ideas produced by primary qualities solely by means o f our intellect. Descartes uses the example of a thousand-sided figure to show how primary qualities produce these clear and distinct ideas compared to the often misleading ideas of secondary qualities (sixth meditation). He states that the imagination by means of the senses is able to generate an obscured and confused idea about a thousand sided figure in comparison to the intellect which is able to perceive it clearly no matter how many sides the figure has. These ideas, which are a product of primary qualities are related to extension and are therefore perceived by our intellect using our understanding (sixth meditation). Descartes theory on primary qualities has some similarity to John Lockeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s but differs on how it is that these ideas come to be about within us. John Lockeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view regarding primary and secondary qualities is similar to some extent to Descartesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ theory of primary and secondary qualities. To Locke, primary qualities are spatiotemporal and quantitative. Therefore like Descartes, primary qualities are composed of size and shape, something which is measurable (135). Like Descartes, Locke believes that these qualities have the effect of producing the ideas that we have within us. An idea to Locke is the thought or understanding which is produced by the object. He calls the power that an object has to produce such ideas within us, qualities. Locke states that ideas are existent in our minds. To Locke these qualities are properties belonging to the objects and are the cause of the ideas that we house in our minds (134). The difference between primary qualities and secondary qualities to Locke is the kinds of ideas that these are able to produce in our minds. Locke believes that the ideas pro duced by primary qualities are a resemblance of these qualities. Locke believes that these qualities are actually existent in the objects themselves. On the other hand, those of secondary qualities hold no resemblance to them (136). Unlike Descartes, John Locke has a different theory by which we acquire these ideas. Unlike Descartes, John Locke believes that we acquire our ideas through the perception of the senses. According to Locke, reasoning is an exception to his perspective on innate ideas. He believes that all of our ideas are acquired through our experiences and by means of our senses. Locke states how our mind is similar to that of a blank state, and it is only by experiences that we are able to perceive by means of our senses that we acquire the ideas we possess. Qualities are the powers that objects have and it is within these powers that ideas are produced by them within us. Primary qualities are inseparable from the object, and thus the power of primary qualities produces ideas that resemble the object. This is shown by the example he gives of when something is divided even into its smallest of parts, even when these are too small for us to perceive, the primary qualities are still existent in the object (138). Although Descartes and Locke description of what primary qualities are is similar, their belief in how it is that we come to reason or reflect on these qualities is different. Descartes believes that we canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t rely entirely on our senses, since they often deceive us. He believes that those ideas obtained from primary qualities are distinct and clear. Therefore he believes that the ideas produced by primary qualities are grasped by means of the intellect. Locke unlike Descartes believes that the ideas we acquire through our life is by experience and it is by the senses that we come to have such experiences. Therefore to Locke, the ideas produced by the power of primary qualities are grasped by means of the senses. To Locke and Descartes, primary qualities are the causal effect which produces the clear ideas that we have, the main difference between their theories is whether we obtain these through our senses and by reflecting or solely by the intellect.

Are you hooked

It was like an addiction to me, because without any reason spend most of my time searching unnecessary things. Finally I decided to overcome from it and stop using unnecessary searching and Stop wasting my time. Right now I am not hooked with anything. Stress sounds simple but it is a hard thing to deal. Every people faces different types of stress. In my life I also faced lots of stress. But I had three most stressful moments in my life. When was ill I dressed that maybe had a big health problem and was very scared of that.All the time was searching online my symptoms and was hooked that time badly. After that when I was pregnant with my second child I was stressed because my first child was only one and half years old that time. Was thinking how can handle my both kids, because had no one here to help me and was stressed that time. I had sleep problem one time. When went to bed all the time I thought couldn't sleep at night and was feeling so stressed . For my that thought most of the night I couldn't sleep.My methods for coping with stress was to change my habits and thoughts. When saw my stress was becoming my distress I just started thinking positively. After some period I had over come from my stresses. Situation that one person sees positively, may another person sees negatively. Stress is simply a body response. Some people takes is easily and some are not. If our stress can notes like positive then it will bring excitement, joy and thrill in our lives.

Short and Quick Activities for the ESL Classroom

All teachers are probably familiar with this situation: Its five minutes before your next class is going to begin and you really dont know what to do. Or maybe this situation is familiar; youve finished your lesson and there are still ten minutes left to go. These short, helpful activities can be used in those situations when you could use a good idea to help get the class started, or fill those inevitable gaps. 3 Favorite Short Classroom Activities My Friend...? I like to draw a picture of a man or a woman on the board. This usually gets a few laughs as my drawing skills leave quite a lot to be desired. Anyway, the point of this exercise is that you ask students questions about this mystery person. Begin with: What is his / her name? and go from there. The only rule that applies is that students have to pay attention to what other students say so that they can give reasonable answers based on what other students have said. This is a great little exercise to review tenses. The crazier the story becomes the better, and more communicative, the activity is for the students. Short Topic Writing The idea of this exercise is to get students to quickly write about a topic they choose (or you assign). These short presentations are then used in two manners; to generate spontaneous conversations on a wide range of topics, and to take a look at some common writing problems. Use the following subjects and ask students to write a paragraph or two about a subject they choose, give them about five to ten minutes to write: The best thing to happen to me todayThe worst thing to happen to me todaySomething funny that happened to me this weekWhat I really hate!What I really like!My favorite thingA surprise I hadA landscapeA buildingA monumentA museumA memory from childhoodMy best friendMy boss Music Description Choose a short piece or excerpt of music you like (I prefer something by the French composers Ravel or Debussy) and tell the students to relax and listen to the music. Tell them to let their imaginations run free. After you have listened to the piece twice, ask them to describe what they were thinking about or what they imagined while they were listening to the music. Ask them why they had those particular thoughts.